轮履复合式农业机器人平台越障运动规划

介绍了轮履复合式农业机器人平台的结构及运动特点,对其越障过程进行了详细的分析和规划,建立了越障过程中初始姿态参数的约束方程。实物试验证明,按照本文的规划方法进行控制,农业机器人平台可顺利攀越温室大棚等环境中常见的障碍。     

黄土高原生态系统演替进程中土壤有机质和pH值变化规律

通过对黄土高原生态系统演替进程中土壤有机质和pH值变化进行分析,结果表明:在同一演替系列中,随演替进程的推移,土壤中有机质增加,pH值减小;在不同地段上,演替高级阶段土壤的有机质高于低级阶段,pH值正好相反;人为间断干扰的生态系统土壤有机质下降,pH值升高;人为持续干扰的亚顶级生态系统土壤有机质明显降低,PH值明显升高.     

白绒山羊生态舍饲养殖模式浅见

研究了传统放牧饲养方式和简单圈养方式的利与弊,根据北方养殖现状,提出了高效生态养殖的思路和实施方法。     

中国茶园生态系统资源价值的估算

本文以自然资源价值论为基础估算了中国茶园生态系统的资源价值,文中对茶园生态系统的直接生产价值、社会保障功能、有机物积累、营养物质循环、水源涵养、土壤固持、气体调节和文化价值及茶树种植过程的负面环境功能一一作出估算,最后得到中国茶园生态系统的服务价值总量为1301.7364亿元.     

浅谈西藏大麦生产的发展

在西藏自治区,大麦生产的发展意义重大。回顾西藏大麦生产发展的历史及分析现状的基础上,指出当前所面临的主要矛盾和问题,并提出了解决矛盾的措施和西藏大麦生产的发展方向。     

论梭罗自然观的当代意义

从梭罗的生态整体主义自然观出发,分析梭罗及其自然观的当代意义,其主要体现在三方面：对于自然环境、生态平衡以及人类精神的深刻影响。     

Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) mortality in relation to the winter mixed layer depth in the Kuroshio Extension region

A drastic population change in Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) has been noted as being related to winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension region. The former studies suggest two possible explanations. One is that temperature itself affects sardine. The other is that SST represents the environmental change of the Kuroshio Extension region and other causes directly affecting sardine. In this study, we found that sardine mortality from post‐larva to age 1 negatively correlated with the winter mixed layer depth (MLD) in the Kuroshio Extension region from 1979 to 1993. During the period of a deep winter mixed layer (during the early 1980s), sardine mortality was low, whereas mortality was high when the winter mixed layer was shallow (during the late 1980s to early 1990s). By using a lower trophic‐level ecosystem model forced by the observed time series of MLD, SST, light intensity and nutrient data, we found that the estimated spring zooplankton density drastically varies from year to year and has a significant negative correlation with sardine mortality. The inter‐annual variation of spring zooplankton density is caused by the winter MLD variation. During the deep winter mixed layer years, a phytoplankton bloom occurs in spring, whereas during the shallow winter mixed layer years, the bloom occurs in winter. The results of our study suggest that the decline in the Japanese sardine population during the late 1980s to early 1990s was due to an insufficient spring food supply in the Kuroshio Extension region where sardine larvae and juvenile are transported.     

Watershed Health Characterization Using Reliability–Resilience–Vulnerability Conceptual Framework Based on Hydrological Responses

An attempt was made to employ the reliability (R_el)–resilience (R_es)–vulnerability (V_ul) conceptual framework to develop a typical indicator system for quantitative assessment of watershed health. The study aimed to conceptualize and customize the R_elR_esV_ul framework to watershed health assessment for the Shazand Watershed in Markazi Province, Iran, for the period of 1977–2014. To this end, four easily, reliable, available and accessible criteria viz. standardized precipitation index (SPI), low and high flow discharges (LFD and HFD), and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were selected, and corresponding indices for reliability–resilience–vulnerability (R_elR_esV_ul) framework were accordingly conceptualized and calculated. The thresholds of 0.1, 0.16 m³ s⁻¹, 12.63 m³ s⁻¹ and 25 mg l⁻¹ day⁻¹ were thus selected for SPI, LFD, HFD and SSC, respectively. The results showed a decreasing trend in R_el and R_es, and an increasing trend in V_ul for SPI and LFD in the Shazand Watershed. The results further showed an increasing trend in R_el, and a decreasing trend in V_ul for HFD and SSC. A decreasing trend was ultimately recognized in watershed health index for all criteria except SSC. Additionally, the integrated hydrological watershed health index of 0.16 ± 0.11 obtained from the geometric mean of the R_elR_esV_ul framework indices also showed a decreasing trend for the Shazand Watershed health during the study period. The results of the present initiative study can be considered as a baseline by decision makers and managers to effectively adjust watershed management strategies to handle land degradation issues in the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

贺兰山生态系统保护中潜在问题与对策探讨

贺兰山特殊的地理位置决定了其巨大的生态作用和功能。20世纪末贺兰山突出的林牧矛盾随着西部大开发对生态建设的重视,"天然林保护工程"和"退牧还林"工程的实施得到了彻底的解决。但在气候转暖的情况下,生物多样性可持续性的保护,火险等级如何降低,沙漠向贺兰山浅山地带逼近等等一些潜在问题也不容忽视。笔者针对这些问题提出一些建议和对策,以便更好地保护好贺兰山生态系统。     

基于EOD模式的田园综合体碳平衡初步研究

中国正在不断推进农村绿色经济转型与乡村振兴战略，田园综合体等各种以生态环境为导向的农业开发模式是乡村振兴建设的新途径，驱动农业固碳减排的同时，也带动着传统农业不断向现代农业发展的转变。以EOD（Ecology-Oriented-Development，生态环境导向的开发）模式的上海市金山区枫泾镇郊野村庄田园综合体为研究对象，在现场调研与数据统计的基础上，分析了园区内的碳输入和碳输出以及碳在园内各区域间的流动和储积；同时，根据碳源和碳汇清单和估算结果，分析了田园综合体各区的碳平衡特点。结果显示，上海市金山区郊野村庄田园综合体2021年碳平衡表现为净碳汇区，净碳汇量为152.09 tC，其中排放量为588.79 tC，碳固定量为740.88 tC。田园综合体内，作物种植区通过低碳有机种植模式成为净碳汇量最大的区域，净碳汇量185.76 tC；水产养殖区通过高效的水草多级循环利用模式净碳汇量达62.20 tC；高空间利用率的立体农业区因农肥的碳排放量大表现为碳源区，净碳汇量为-10.81 tC；生产生活区是最大的碳源区，净碳汇量达-85.05 tC，人类文旅活动是其中最大的碳排放源。分析结合该田园综合体的碳流动，提出了发展高物质循环利用率、高空间利用率、低碳有机种植模式和农业科学管理四个农业降碳增汇的方向。